RAID 10 (RAID 1+0) and RAID 01 (RAID 0+1) differ primarily in their fault tolerance and internal structure, despite offering similar performance and storage capacity.
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Structure:
- RAID 10 mirrors pairs of disks first (RAID 1), then stripes across these mirrored pairs (RAID 0). This means each mirrored pair is independent.
- RAID 01 stripes disks first (RAID 0), then mirrors the entire striped set (RAID 1).
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Fault Tolerance:
- RAID 10 provides higher fault tolerance. It can sustain multiple disk failures as long as no mirrored pair loses both disks. For example, if one disk fails in each mirrored pair, the array remains operational.
- RAID 01 has lower fault tolerance. If one disk fails in each of the two striped sets, the entire array fails. For instance, failure of one disk in each RAID 0 group causes total data loss.
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Performance and Capacity:
- Both RAID 10 and RAID 01 offer similar read/write performance and usable storage capacity, typically about 50% of the total raw disk capacity due to mirroring.
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Rebuild and Reliability:
- RAID 10 generally rebuilds faster and is simpler to manage because it deals with smaller mirrored pairs.
- RAID 01 is more vulnerable during rebuilds because failure in one striped set affects the mirrored set.
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Practical Recommendation:
- RAID 10 is widely preferred over RAID 01 due to its superior fault tolerance and reliability, despite similar cost and performance.
Summary Table:
| Aspect | RAID 10 (1+0) | RAID 01 (0+1) |
|---|---|---|
| Structure | Mirror first, then stripe | Stripe first, then mirror |
| Fault Tolerance | Higher; can survive multiple disk failures if not in the same mirror pair | Lower; failure in each stripe set causes total failure |
| Performance | High (striping benefits) | High (striping benefits) |
| Capacity | ~50% usable (due to mirroring) | ~50% usable (due to mirroring) |
| Rebuild Speed | Faster, simpler | Slower, riskier |
| Reliability | More reliable | Less reliable |
In essence, RAID 10 is technically superior in fault tolerance and rebuild efficiency, making it the better choice for critical systems requiring high availability.
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